Bridge Design Manual References

The following articles are referenced in the PCI Bridge Design Manual. Use the links below to download pdfs of each article.

2010 - Current Articles

• Adjacent Box Girders without Integral Diaphrams or Post-Tensioned Joints, Hanna, K., G. Marcous, and M. K. Tadros. Fall 2011.

• Flexural Behavior of Side-by-Side Box Beam Bridges: A Comparative Study, Grace, N. F., K. D. Patki, E. M. Soliman, and J. Q. Hanson. Summer 2011.

• Precast, Prestressed Girder Camber Variability, Tadros, M. K., F. Fawzy, and K. E. Hanna. Winter 2011.

• Self-launching Erection Machines for Precast Concrete Bridges, Rosignoli, M. Winter 2010.

2000 - 2009 Articles

• Metrorrey’s Linea 2 Extension Viaduct: A Revolution for Light-Rail Precast Concrete Segmental Bridges, Goñi Baamonde, J. J. and A. M. García y Benitez. Fall 2009.

• Influence of Vertical Earthquake Motion and Pre-earthquake Stress on Joint Response of Precast Concrete Segmental Bridges, Veletzos, M. J. and J. I. Restrepo. Summer 2009.

• Seismic Performance of Precast Concrete Segmental Bridges: Summary of Experimental Research on Segment-to-Segment Joints, Megally, S., M. J. Veletzos, K. Burnell, J. I. Restrepo, and F. Seible. Spring 2009.

• Curved Precast, Pretensioned Concrete I-Girder Bridges, Amorn, W., C. Y. Tuan, and M. K. Tadros. November-December 2008.

• Corrosion Risk of Bonded, Post-Tensioned Concrete Elements, Salas, R., A. Schokker, J. West, J. Breen, and M. Kreger. January-February 2008.  

• Fundamentals of Launching a Precast Concrete Segmental Operation for Bridge Construction Projects, A. M. Palmer. May-June 2006.

• Jean M. Muller: Bridge Engineer with Flair for the Art Form, D. Tassin. March-April 2006.

• Flexural Strength of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete T-Beams, Seguirant, S.J., R. Brice and B. Khaleghi. January-February 2005.

• Precast Concrete Segmental Bridges―America’s Beautiful and Affordable Icons, Figg, L. and D. Pate. September-October 2004.

• Precast Concrete Light Rail System Provides Mass Transit Solution for JFK International Airport, Rodriquez, J., M. Hedayati, A. Taddeo, and J. Parks. January-February 2004.

• The Strutted Box Widening Method for Prestressed Concrete Segmental Bridges, K. W. Shushkewich. November-December 2003.

• Seismic Performance of Precast Segmental Bridges: Segment-to-Segment Joints Subjected to High Flexural Moments and Low Shears, Megally, S., F. Seible, and R. K. Dowell. March-April 2003.

• Reduction of Joint Seepage and Cross-Grouting in Bridge Segments, Yazdani, N. and M. Issa. January-February 2003.

• Evaluation of Corrosion Protection for Internal Prestressing Tendons in Precast Segmental Bridges, West, J. S., J. E. Breen, and R. P. Vignos. September-October 2002.

• Flexural Strength of Continuous Bridge Girders – Avoiding the Penalty in the AASHTO-LRFD Specifications, Girgis, A., C. Sun, and M. K. Tadros. July-August 2002.

• New Deep WSDOT Girders used for the Twisp River Bridge, Van Lund, J. A., P. D. Kinderman, and S. J. Seguirant. March-April 2002.

• Seismic Performance of Precast Segmental Bridge Superstructures with Internally Bonded Prestressing Tendons, Megally, S., F. Seible, M. Garg, and R. K. Dowell. March-April 2002.

• Lightweight Concrete Reduces Weight and Increases Span Length of Pretensioned Concrete Bridge Girders, Meyer, Karl F. and Lawrence F. Kahn. January-February 2002.

• A Critical Evaluation of the AASTHO Provisions for Strand Development Length of Prestressed Concrete Members, M. Shahawy. July-August 2001.

• Central Artery/Tunnel Project: Boston’s Engineering Marvel―Where We Are Now, Chandra, V. and A. L. Ricci. March-April 2001.

• Central Artery/Tunnel Project: Precast/Prestressed Structures Span the Big Dig, Donington, K., P. Towell, and V. Chandra. September - October 2000.

• Central Artery/Tunnel Project: Innovative Use of Precast Segmental Technology, Towell, P. J., P. A. Mainville, V. Chandra, and E. Homsi. July-August 2000.

• Central Artery/Tunnel Project: A Precast Bonanza―Part 1, Chandra, V. and A. L. Ricci. May-June 2000.

• Bang Na Expressway, Bangkok, Thailand―World's Longest Bridge and Largest Precasting Operation, Brockmann, C. and H. Rogenhofer. January-February 2000.

1990 - 1999 Articles

• Ten Years of Segmental Achievements and Projections for the Next Century, C. L. Freyermuth. May-June 1999.

• Optimized Post-Tensioning Anchorage in Prestressed Concrete I-Beams, Ma, Z., M. A. Saleh, and M. K. Tadros. March-April 1999.

• Restraint Moments in Precast/Prestressed Concrete Continuous Bridges, Ma, Z., X. Huo, M. K. Tadros, M. Baishya. November-December 1998.

• NUDECK – An Efficient and Economical Precast Prestressed Bridge Deck System, Badie, S. S., M. C. Baishya, and M. K. Tadros. September-October 1998.  

• New Deep WSDOT Standard Sections Extend Spans of Prestressed Concrete Girders, S. J. Seguirant. July-August 1998.

• Precast Prestressed Segmental Floating Drawspan for Admiral Clarey Bridge, Abrahams, M. J. and G. Wilson. July-August 1998.

• Design of Segmental Bridges for Thermal Gradient, K. W. Shushkewich. July-August 1998. 

• Shear Design of Stemmed Bridge Members – How Complex Should It Be?, Ma, Z. (John), M. Saleh, and M. K. Tadros. September-October 1997.

• Proposed AASHTO Standards for Segmental Bridges Represent a Growing Market for the Precast Concrete Industry, E. C. Figg Jr. September-October 1997.  

• AASHTO-PCI-ASBI Segmental Box Girder Standards: A New Product for Grade Separations and Interchange Bridges, C. L. Freyermuth. September-October 1997.

• Innovative Design and Erection Methods Solve Construction of Rock Cut Bridge, Nicholls, J. J. and C. Prussack. July-August 1997.

• Allowable Compressive Strength of Concrete at Prestress Release, Huo, X. and M. K. Tadros. January-February 1997.

• Application of High Performance Concrete in Bridge Design, Huo, X. and M. K. Tadros. January-February 1997.

• Durability Aspects of Precast Prestressed Concrete–Part 1: Historical Review, Sherman, M. R., D. B. McDonald, and D. W. Pfeifer. July-August 1996.

• Durability Aspects of Precast Prestressed Concrete–Part 2: Chloride Permeability Study, Sherman, M. R., D. B. McDonald, and D. W. Pfeifer. July-August 1996.

• Transverse Design of Adjacent Precast Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge, El-Remaily, A., M. K. Tadros, T. Yamane, and G. Krause. July-August 1996.

• Interface Horizontal Shear Strength in Composite Decks with Precast Concrete Panels, Kumar, N. V. and J. A. Ramirez. March-April 1996.  

• Northumberland Strait Crossing: Design Development of Precast Prestressed Bridge Structure, Lester, B. and G. Tadros. September-October 1995.

• The Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Bridge―Design-Construction Highlights, D. Pate. September-October 1995.

• Temperature Induced Deformations in Match-Cast Segments, Roberts-Wollmann, C. L., J. E. Breen, and M. E. Kreger. July-August 1995.

• Durability Survey of Segmental Concrete Bridges, M. Miller, May-June 1995.

• A Review of Strand Development Length for Pretensioned Concrete Members, C. D. Buckner. March-April 1995.  

• Evaluation of Keyway Grout Test Methods for Precast Concrete Bridges, Gulyas, R. J., G. J. Wirthlin, and J. T. Champa. January-February 1995.

• Fatigue Tests on Prestressed Concrete Beams With Debonded Strands, Russell, B. W. and N. H. Burns. November-December 1994.

• Fabrication and Erection of Precast Concrete Segmental Boxes for Baldwin Bridge, Sofia, M. J. and E. H. Homsi. November-December 1994.

• Guide to Using Silica Fume in Precast/Prestressed Concrete Products, PCI Committee on Durability. September-October 1994.

• Impact of LRFD Specification on Load Distribution of Prestressed Concrete Bridges, Aswad, A. and Y. Chen. September-October 1994.

• Predicting the Bond Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Beams Containing Debonded Strands, Russell, B. W. and N. H. Burns. September-October 1994. 

• Strengthening of a Long Span Prestressed Segmental Box Girder Bridge, Massicotte, B., A. Picard, Y. Gaumond, and C. Ouellet. May-June 1994.

• Monitoring of a Prestressed Segmental Box Girder Bridge During Strengthening, Massicotte, B. and A. Picard. May-June 1994.

• Horizontal Shear Strength of Composite Concrete Beams with a Rough Interface, Loov, E. R. and A. K. Patnaik. January-February 1994.  

• Prestressed Spliced IGirders: Tenth Street Viaduct Project, Lincoln, Nebraska, Ficenec, J. A., S. D. Kneip, M. K. Tadros, L. G. Fischer. September-October 1993.

• Guidelines for the Use of Epoxy-Coated Strand, PCI Committee on Epoxy-Coated Strand. July-August 1993.

• Design-Construction of Precast Segmental Elevated Metro Line for Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, P. E. Mondorf. March-April 1993.

• Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams―Part 2, R. F. Mast. January-February 1993.

• Spliced Segmental Prestressed Concrete I-Beams for Shelby Creek Bridge, Caroland, W. B., D. Depp, H. H. Janssen, L. Spaans. September-October 1992.

• Design and Construction of Spliced I-Girder Bridges, Abdel-Karim, A. M. and M. K. Tadros. July-August 1992.

• Evaluation of Degree of Rusting on Prestressed Concrete Strand, Augusto S. Sason. May-June 1992.

• Stress-Strain Modeling of 270 ksi Low-Relaxation Prestressing Strands, Devalapura, R. K. and M. K. Tadros. March-April 1992.

• Fatigue Strength of Joints in a Precast Prestressed Concrete Double Tee Bridge, Arockiasamy, M., A. P. Badve, B. V. Rao, and D. V. Reddy. January-February 1991.

• Handling Prestressed Concrete Strand, H. K. Preston, November-December 1990.

• Prestressed Concrete: The State of the Art in North America, J. E. Breen. November-December 1990.

• Computer Analysis of Deflections and Stresses in Stage Constructed Concrete Bridges, T. J. Herbert. May-June 1990.

• Biloxi Interstate-110 Viaduct, Phipps, A. R. and Q.D. Spruill Jr. January-February 1990. 

 1980 - 1989 Articles

•  Design of Transversely Prestressed Concrete Bridge Decks, Poston, R. W., J. E. Breen, and R. L. Carrasquillo. September-October 1985.

• Nonlinear Temperature Distributions in Bridges at Different Locations in the United States, Polgieter, I. C. and W. L. Gamble. July-August 1989.  

• Segmental Bridge Construction in Florida—A Review and Perspective, A. J. Moreton. May-June 1989.

• Serviceability Design of Continuous Prestressed Concrete Structures, Elbadry, M. M. and A. Ghali. January-February 1989.

• Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams―Part 1, R. F. Mast. January-February 1989.

• Ramp B Bridge Over U.S. Highway 23, Project Story. January-February 1989.

• Precast Prestressed Concrete Horizontally Curved Bridge Beams, ABAM Engineers Inc. September-October 1989.

• Flexural Strength of Prestressed Concrete Members, Skogman, B. C., M. K. Tadros, and R. Grasmick. September-October 1989.

• Cracks and Crack Control in Concrete Structures, F. Leonhardt. July-August 1988.

• A Practical Look at Creep and Shrinkage in Bridge Design, Goodyear, D. and M. J. Smith. May-June 1988.

• Recommended Practice for Precast Prestressed Concrete Composite Bridge Deck Panels, PCI Bridge Producers Committee. March-April 1988.

• Handling and Shipping of Long Span Bridge Beams, Imper, R. R. and G. Laszlo. November-December 1987.

• Construction of East Huntington Bridge, M. Tang. November-December 1987.

• Overload Behavior of an Experimental Precast Prestressed Concrete Segmental Bridge, Abdel-Halim, M. R. M. McClure, and H. H. West. November-December 1987.

• Cable Stayed Bridges with Prestressed Concrete, F. Leonhardt. September-October 1987.

• Toward a Consistent Design of Structural Concrete, Schlaich, J., K. Schafer, and M. Jennewein. May-June 1987.

• Testing of Segmental Concrete Girders with External Tendons, B. G. Rabbat. March-April 1987.

• Design and Construction of the East Huntington Bridge, A. Grant. January-February 1987.

• Rehabilitation of the Boivre Viaduct—A Multispan Prestressed Box Girder Bridge, Barbaux. S. H. and C. C. Zollman. May-June 1986.

• Ramp 'I' Over I-75 and the Florida Turnpike Extension, Project Story. July-August 1986.

• Microcomputer Technology Assists Florida DOT, Project Story. May-June 1986.

• Evaluation of Transverse Flange Forces Induced by Laterally Inclined Longitudinal Post-Tensioning in Box Girder Bridges, Walter Podolny, Jr. January-February 1986.

• Short Span Segmental Bridged in Czechoslovakia, Strasky, J. and M. Korenek. January-February 1986.

• Relaxation of Steel in Prestressed Concrete, Ghali, A. and J. Trevino. September-October 1985.

• Design and Construction of Linn Cove Viaduct, Muller, J. M. and J. M. Barker. September-October 1985.

• Segmental Design of the Harbour Island People Mover, Eriksson, R. L. and S. Zendegui. July-August 1985.

• Controlling Twist in Precast Segmental Concrete Bridges, J. E. Breen. July-August 1985.  

• The Cause of Cracking in Post-Tensioned Concrete Box Girder Bridges and Retrofit Procedures, Walter Podolny, Jr. March-April 1985.

• MARTA Rapid Transit Bridges, Project Story. March-April 1985.

• Prestressed Loss and Deflection of Precast Concrete Members, Tadros, M. K., A.Ghali, and A. W. Mey. January-February 1985.

• The Twelve Mile Creek Precast Prestressed Segmental Bridges, Bassi, K. G., W. L. Lin, G. Al-Bazi, and O. E. Ramkko. November-December 1984.

• Segmental Box Girders for the High Level West Seattle Bridge, C. K. Yu. July-August 1984.

• Dauphin Island Bridge, Project Story. January-February 1984.  

• Feasibility Study of Standard Sections for Segmental Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridges,  Kulka, F. and S. J. Thoman. September-October 1983.

• Knowledge Gained from Instrumentation of the Kishwaukee River Bridge, Shiu, K. N. and H. G. Russell. September-October 1983.

• Status of Segmental Bridge Construction in Europe, P. Matt. May-June 1983.

• Temperature Study of an Experimental Segmental Concrete Bridge, Hoffman, P. C., R. M. McClure, and H. H. West. March-April 1983.

• An Overview of Prestressed Segmental Concrete Bridges, D. J. Ward. March-April 1983.

• Kuwait's Bubiyan Bridge―A 3-D Precast Segmental Space Frame, Podolny Jr., W. and A. A. Mireles. January-February 1983.

• Fabrication and Shipment Cracks in Precast or Prestressed Hollow-Core Slabs and Double Tees, PCI Committee on Quality Control Performance Criteria. January-February 1983.  

• Post-Tensioning Details for Long-Span Concrete Bridges, C. L. Freyermuth. November-December 1982.

• Design and Construction of the Kishwaukee River Bridge, Nair, R. S. and J. K. Iverson. November-December 1982.

• Joint Heating Allows Winter Construction on Linn Cove Viaduct, Muller, J. and J. M. Barker. September-October 1982.

• Development of the Concrete Technology for a Precast Prestressed Concrete Segmental Bridge, D. Pfeifer. September-October 1982.

• Geometry Control of Precast Segmental Concrete Bridges, Bender, B. F. and H. H. Janssen. July-August 1982.

• Some Design Issues Facing American Bridge Constructors, Lin, T. Y. and C. Redfield. July-August 1982.

• Causes and Prevention of Problems in Large-Scale Prestressed Concrete Construction, B. C. Gerwick Jr. May-June 1982.

• Design and Construction of the Houston Ship Channel Bridge, Quinn, S. B. and M. J. Kopetz. May-June 1982.

• I-205 Columbia River Bridge―Design and Construction Highlights, A. C. Harwood. March-April 1982.

• Creep Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Structures using Creep-Transformed Section Properties, W. H. Dilger. January-February 1982.

• Recommended Practice for Precast Post-Tensioned Segmental Construction, Joint PCI-PTI Committee on Segmental Construction. January-February 1982.

• The Kentucky River Bridge―Variable Depth Precast Prestressed Segmental Concrete Structure, Walker, H. M., H. H. Janssen, and J. B. Kelly. July-August 1981.

• Design Features and Prestressing Aspects of Long Key Bridge, T. M. Gallaway. November-December 1980.

• Construction of Long Key Bridge, J. Muller. November-December 1980.

• Shear and Torsion-Design of Prestressed and Non-Prestressed Concrete Beams, Collins, M. P. and D. Mitchell. September-October 1980.

• Segmental Bridge Construction―The Wave of the Future, W. J. Wilkes. September-October 1980.

• Construction Techniques for Segmental Concrete Bridges, J. M. Barker. July-August 1980.

• Value Engineering vs. Alternate Designs in Bridge Bidding, T. Alberdi Jr. July-August 1980.

• Creep and Shrinkage Characterization for Analyzing Prestressed Concrete Structures, Bazant, Z. P. and L. Panula. May-June 1980.

• The Islington Avenue Bridge, J. A. B. Lovell. May-June 1980. 

1970 - 1979 Articles

• Long-Term Stresses and Deformation of Segmental Bridges, Tadros, M. K., A. Ghali, and W. H. Dilger. July-August 1979.

•  Geometry Control for Intercity Bridge, Bridges, C. P. and C. S. Coulter. May-June 1979.

•  The Pasco-Kennewick Intercity Bridge, A. Grant. May-June 1979.

•  An Overview of Precast Prestressed Segmental Bridges, W. Podolny Jr. January-February 1979.

•  Quebec's Grand'Mere Bridge―935-ft Long Post-Tensioned Segmental Structure, Project Story. January-February 1979.

•  Provisions for Possible Reconstruction of Decks on Segmental Box Girder Bridges, B. F. Bender. July-August 1977.

•  Effect of Non-Prestressed Steel on Prestress Loss and Deflection, Tadros, M. K., A.Ghali, and W. H. Dilger. March-April 1977.

• A Rational Method for Estimating Camber and Deflection of Precast Prestressed Members, L. D. Martin. January-February 1977. 

•  Precast Prestressed Segmental Elevated Urban Motorway in Italy, Gentilini, B. and L. Gentilini. September-October 1975.

•  Recommendations for Estimating Prestress Losses, PCI Committee on Prestress Losses. July-August 1975.

•  Tentative Design and Construction Specifications for Precast Segmental Box Girder Bridges, PCI Bridge Committee. July-August 1975.  

•  Time-Dependent Prestress Loss and Deflection in Prestressed Concrete Members,Tadros, M. K., A. Ghali, and W. H. Dilger. May-June 1975.

•  Recommended Practice for Segmental Construction in Prestressed Concrete, PCI Committee on Segmental Construction. March-April 1975.  

•  Ten Years of Experience in Precast Segmental Construction―A Special Report, J. Muller. January-February 1975.

•  Ultimate Load Test of a Segmentally Constructed Prestressed Concrete I-Beam, S. E. Moustafa. July-August 1974.

•  Epoxy Adhesives in Precast Prestressed Concrete Construction, F. Hugenschmidt. March-April 1974.

•  A Method for Predicting Prestress Losses in a Prestressed Concrete Structure, Glodowski, R. J. and J. J. Lorenzetti. March-April 1972.

•  State of the Art for Long Span Prestressed Concrete Bridges of Segmental Construction, Lacey, G. C., J. E. Breen, and N. H. Burns. September-October 1971.

•  Loss of Prestress, Camber and Deflection of Non-Composite and Composite Concrete Structures, Branson, D. E. and K. M. Kripanarayanan. September-October 1971.

•  Grouting Tests on Large Post-Tensioning Tendons for Secondary Nuclear Containment Structures, M. Schupack. March-April 1971.

1960 - 1969 Articles

• Design of Continuous Highway Bridges with Precast, Prestressed Concrete Girders, C. L. Freyermuth. April 1969.

•  Aesthetics of Bridge Design, F. Leonhardt. February 1968.

• Report of the FIP Commission on Prefabrication, Project Story, October 1967. 

• Design of Anchorage Zone Reinforcement in Prestressed Concrete Beams, Gergely, P. and M. A. Sozen. April 1967.

• Design and Construction of Hudson Hope Bridge, J. Dudra. April 1966.  

• Bridge over the Eastern Scheldt, B. C. Gerwick Jr. February 1966. 

•  Connections in Precast Concrete Structures – Strength of Corbels, Kriz, L. B. and C. H. Raths. February 1965.  

• A Study of Stress Relaxation in Prestressing Reinforcement, Magura, D. D., M. A. Sozen, and C. P. Seiss. April 1964.

•  Control of Horizontal Cracking in Ends of Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Girders, Marshall, W.T. and A.H. Mattock. October 1962. 

Precast Seismic Structural Systems Research

The following articles are referenced in the PCI Technical Newletters regarding Precast Seismic Structural Systems (PRESSS) Research.

 2000 - Current Articles

• Non-dimensional design charts for unbonded, post-tensioned, split precast concrete walls, Sagan, E. L. and R. A. Hawileh. Fall 2010. 

• Codification of Precast Seismic Structural Systems: An Update, Hawkins N., and S.K. Ghosh. May-June 2006.

• Seismic Design of Partially Post-Tensioned Precast Concrete Walls, Y. C. Kurama. July-August 2005. 

• Requirements for the Use of PRESSS Moment-Resisting Frame Systems, Hawkins N., and S.K. Ghosh. March-April 2004. 

• Codification of PRESSS Structural Systems, Hawkins N., and S.K. Ghosh. July-August 2003. 

• Direct Displacement-Based Design of Precast/Prestressed Concrete Buildings, M. J. Nigel Priestley. November-December 2002. 

• PRESSS Phase 3: The Five-Story Precast Test Building Vol 3-3: Design Verification Instrumentation Test Procedures, Sritharan, S., Pampanin, S., and J. Conley. December 2002.

• Hybrid Post-Tensioned Precast Concrete Walls for Use in Seismic Regions, Y. C. Kurama. September-October 2002. 

• PRESSS Phase 3: The Five-Story Precast Test Building Vol 3-5: Wall Direction Response, Sritharan, S., Pampanin, S., and J. Conley. July 2002.

• PRESSS Phase 3: The Five-Story Precast Test Building Vol 3-9: Design Guidelines For Precast Concrete Seismic Structural Systems, Stanton, J. F. and S. D. Nakaki, The University of Washington and The Nakaki Bashaw Group, Inc. February 2002.

• Design of Rectangular Openings in Precast Walls Under Vertical Loads, Allen, M. G. and Y. C. Kurama. January-February 2002.

• The PRESSS Five-Story Precast Concrete Test Building, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California. September-October 2001. 

• PRESSS Phase 3: The Five-Story Precast Test Building Vol 3-4: Frame-Direction-Response, Pampanin, S., Priestley, M.J.N, and S. Sritharan. November 2000.

1990 - 1999 Articles

• Preliminary Results and Conclusions from the PRESSS Five-Story Precast Concrete Test Building, Nigel Priestly, M. J., Sritharan, S., Conley, J. R. and S. Pampanin. November-December 1999. 

• Successful Testing of PRESSS Five-Story Precast Building Leads to Innovative Seismic Solutions, Johal, L. S. and G. D. Nasser. September-October 1999. 

• Seismic Behavior and Design of Unbonded Post-Tensioned Precast Concrete Frames, El-Sheikh, M. T., Sause, R., Pessiki, S. and Le-Wu Lu. May-June 1999. 

• An Overview of the PRESSS Five-Story Precast Test Building, Nakaki, S. D., Stanton, J. F., and S. Sritharan. March-April 1999. 

• The PRESSS Program - Current Status and Proposed Plans for Phase III, M. J. Nigel. March-April 1996. 

• Ductile Connectors for a Precast Concrete Frame, Nakaki, S. D., Englekirk, R. E., and J. L. Plaehn. September-October 1994. 

• PRESSS Industry Seismic Workshops: Concept Development, Nakaki, S. D. and R. E. Englekirk. September-October 1991. 

• PRESSS Project 1.3: Connection Classification and Evaluation, Stanton, J. F., Hawkins, N. M. and T. R. Hicks. September-October 1991. 

• Overview of PRESSS Research Program, M.J. Nigel Priestley. July-August 1991.